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KMID : 1189320210150020143
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Asian Spine Journal
2021 Volume.15 No. 2 p.143 ~ p.154
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The Anti-Inflammatory and Cytoprotective Efficiency of Curvularin, a Fungal Macrolactone against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response in Nucleus Pulposus Cells: An In Vitro Study
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Banala Rajkiran Reddy
Vemuri Satish Kumar
Sherline E. V.
Gurava Reddy A. V.
Subbaiah G. P. V.
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Abstract
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Study Design: Developing an in vitro model for assessing the anti-inflammatory properties of curvularin.
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of natural fungal macrolactone as a therapeutic drug against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in primary human nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in vitro.
Overview of Literature: Lumbar disk disease is a common cause of lower back pain (LBP) and sciatica. It is an established fact that inflammation, rather than mechanical compression on the nerve root, plays a role in the cause of LBP and sciatica. Current treatment options for reducing inflammation are either nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or steroids, prolonged use of which can potentially lead to adverse effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances and renal and cardiac issues. Hence, there is a need for better antiinflammatory drugs with no or minimal complications for treating inflammation-induced LBP and sciatica. Curvularin (Cur), a fungal macrolactone, is known for its anti-inflammatory activity, but nothing is known about its impact on inflammation due to disk pathologies.
Methods: Primary NPCs were cultured and characterized by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry using the CD24 antibody and treated with 10 μg/mL LPS for 36 hours and then treated with Cur, betamethasone, and dexamethasone (10 μg/mL) for 48 hours, after which cell cycle analysis, cell viability assay, and gene expression studies (quantitative polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and quantitative real-time-PCR) were conducted. The NPCs treated with Cur downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6); matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs; MMP-2 and MMP-3), ADAMTS; and apoptotic marker (cytochrome c).
Results: In our study, Cur-treated cells showed enhanced expression of collagen 9A1 and insulin-like growth factor receptor 1, indicating the recovery of NPCs from inflammatory assault.
Conclusions: Based on observations, the anti-inflammatory properties of Cur render it an excellent drug molecule for treating disk degeneration nonsurgically, by direct injection into spinal disks when treating LBP and sciatica.
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KEYWORD
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Intervertebral disc degeneration, Macrolactone, Curvularin, Lipopolysaccharide, Inflammation, Cytokines, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
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